Impulse Control Disorders

1) What it is

Impulse control disorders involve difficulty resisting urges that may be harmful or lead to regret. People may act quickly to reduce tension or discomfort, then feel shame afterwards.

Examples can include:

• compulsive stealing (kleptomania)
• compulsive fire-setting (pyromania)
• explosive anger episodes
• compulsive sexual behaviours
• risky spending or thrill behaviours

2) What it feels like

“The urge builds and I can’t think of anything else.”

“I feel relief when I do it.”

“Afterwards I feel disgusted or ashamed.”

“I don’t know why I keep doing it.”

3) Common signs & symptoms

• repeated urge → action → regret cycle
• impulsive behaviour increases under stress
• secretive patterns
• relationship problems
• financial or legal consequences
• shame and low self-worth

4) What causes it / risk factors

• trauma and emotional distress
• ADHD/impulsivity traits
• addiction-style reward loops
• mood disorders
• poor distress tolerance skills
• substance use

5) Triggers

• stress, boredom, loneliness
• anger or shame
• alcohol/drugs
• emotional overwhelm
• easy access to the behaviour (apps, money, objects)

6) What helps right now

• delay urges by 10 minutes (“urge surfing”)
• remove access (leave the area, block apps/cards)
• grounding + cold water reset
• contact a safe person
• do a replacement action (walk, shower, clean)

7) Longer-term strategies

• therapy for distress tolerance and emotional regulation
• relapse prevention plan
• treat underlying anxiety/depression/trauma
• build structure and accountability
• reduce substances
• increase meaningful connection

8) Treatment options

• CBT / DBT skills
• addiction-style support approaches
• specialist services depending on behaviour and risk

9) Medication overview

Medication may help underlying mood/anxiety/impulsivity depending on assessment.

10) Daily life tips

• keep routines predictable
• avoid “high-risk” times alone
• set spending controls
• reduce shame and focus on skills + support

11) When to seek urgent help

Urgent help if:

• risk of harming others
• legal danger escalating
• suicidal thoughts
• behaviour feels out of control

12) Trusted help & resources

• NHS: Mental health services & urgent help
• Samaritans 116 123 / Shout 85258

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